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Human rights in Liberia became a focus of international attention when the country's president, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, was named one of the three female co-winners of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, all of whom were cited “for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2011/johnson_sirleaf.html )〕 Yet, as the Guardian noted in October 2012, “the award to President Sirleaf was not unanimously welcomed in her own country,” and a year after the prize was announced, one of Sirleaf's co-winners, Liberian activist Leymah Gbowee, articulated the views of many of Sirleaf's critics, charging the president with nepotism, among other offenses, and citing the high government positions held by Sirleaf's three sons. In November 2012, a Liberian human-rights lawyer, Tiawan Saye Gongloe, also criticized Sirleaf's nepotism and called on her to resign.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/22810.html )〕 Both nepotism and corruption are widespread in Liberia. Among the country's other very serious human-rights problems are ritualistic killings, police abuse, incidents of so-called “trial by ordeal,” arbitrary arrest, the denial of due process, violence against women, domestic violence, female genital mutilation, child abuse, human trafficking, and child labor. Since the end of the Civil War in 2003, however, there has been a great deal of activity by a number of international organizations with the objective of establishing in Liberia a solid democracy based on human rights.〔 Liberia is a signatory of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ned.org/node/169 )〕 ==Civil War aftermath== The 2003 peace agreement that ended the Civil War called for the establishment by the Liberian government of an Independent National Human Rights Commission. Although an act officially founding such a commission was passed in 2008, the actual formation of the commission was delayed for several years. Amnesty International noted in 2013 that Liberia was in dire need of such a commission, and called on the government to “make the establishment of such a commission a top priority.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/countries/africa/liberia )〕 In September 2009 the Independent National Commission on Human Rights was finally created, yet the selection of its members, according to Human Rights Watch, was marred by “a flawed vetting procedure, inadequate involvement of civil society groups, and the initial selection of a member with close ties to the president, and of other members who lacked relevant experience,” all of which raised doubts about the commission's independence and about Sirleaf's commitment to it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2011/liberia )〕 Human Rights Watch noted that in 2010 Liberia “made no progress in ensuring the prosecution of those responsible for war crimes committed during the armed conflicts” in accordance with the 2009 final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.〔 A 2012 report by Amnesty complained that persons guilty of major human-rights violations during the civil war had still not been brought to justice, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's call for the establishment of a criminal tribunal to prosecute such cases had still not been heeded.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/liberia/report-2012 )〕 Five human rights organizations formed the Coalition for Justice in Liberia (CJL) in October 2012 “to advocate for justice, create awareness, and campaign for the establishment of an international tribunal to prosecute perpetrators of war crimes in Liberia.” It also seeks, among other things, to help “build and strengthen national democratic institutions and the rule of law in Liberia which will include monitoring, documenting and advocating their effective functioning as people-centered institutions of justice that uphold the rule of law and respect for human rights.” The CJL said that its first order of business would be “to name and shame” the perpetrators of wartime human-rights violators “and make sure that the USA is neither a safe haven for them nor a vacation joint where they travel and enjoy their bloody wealth without any form of accountability.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/429948/1/liberia-human-rights-activists-press-for-justice-i.html )〕 Since Liberia's civil war ended in 2002, UN forces have been in charge of security and have been training Liberian armed forces and police. A US-led program to recruit and train a new Liberian army finished its task in December 2009, although American military personnel continued to train Liberian military officers throughout 2010.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154354.htm )〕 Security forces, although reporting to civilian officials, sometimes act on their own.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human rights in Liberia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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